全文获取类型
收费全文 | 23516篇 |
免费 | 794篇 |
国内免费 | 383篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 5872篇 |
晶体学 | 271篇 |
力学 | 639篇 |
综合类 | 50篇 |
数学 | 9774篇 |
物理学 | 8087篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 113篇 |
2022年 | 167篇 |
2021年 | 122篇 |
2020年 | 170篇 |
2019年 | 503篇 |
2018年 | 315篇 |
2017年 | 307篇 |
2016年 | 184篇 |
2015年 | 177篇 |
2014年 | 230篇 |
2013年 | 1045篇 |
2012年 | 481篇 |
2011年 | 1006篇 |
2010年 | 543篇 |
2009年 | 834篇 |
2008年 | 953篇 |
2007年 | 955篇 |
2006年 | 917篇 |
2005年 | 617篇 |
2004年 | 1003篇 |
2003年 | 1160篇 |
2002年 | 1749篇 |
2001年 | 1779篇 |
2000年 | 1621篇 |
1999年 | 1791篇 |
1998年 | 1533篇 |
1997年 | 910篇 |
1996年 | 453篇 |
1995年 | 233篇 |
1994年 | 199篇 |
1993年 | 90篇 |
1992年 | 86篇 |
1991年 | 75篇 |
1990年 | 162篇 |
1989年 | 147篇 |
1988年 | 98篇 |
1987年 | 84篇 |
1986年 | 125篇 |
1985年 | 188篇 |
1984年 | 177篇 |
1983年 | 76篇 |
1982年 | 145篇 |
1981年 | 239篇 |
1980年 | 229篇 |
1979年 | 107篇 |
1978年 | 169篇 |
1977年 | 103篇 |
1976年 | 72篇 |
1975年 | 80篇 |
1974年 | 74篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 500 毫秒
111.
B. Pignataro L. Chi S. Gao B. Anczykowski C. Niemeyer M. Adler H. Fuchs 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2002,74(3):447-452
Self-assembled oligomeric nanostructures consisting of bisbiotinylated DNA fragments connected by the protein streptavidin
(STV) are studied by dynamic scanning force microscopy (SFM) operating in air. A comparison of the images taken in repulsive
and attractive regimes is systematically made on DNA and STV structures. Stable and reproducible SFM images are obtained in
the attractive regime by using a special feedback circuit, called Q-control. On the other hand, when SFM is operating in the
repulsive regime, deformation of the structures that reduce the resolution and the image quality are clearly observable. The
heights of both DNA and STV have been measured as a function of the tip/molecule interaction forces. This study offers the
possibility to suggest a different mechanical behavior of DNA with respect to STV.
Received: 24 July 2001 / Accepted: 3 December 2001 / Published online: 4 March 2002 相似文献
112.
P. Kratzer E. Penev M. Scheffler 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2002,75(1):79-88
We demonstrate how first-principles calculations using density-functional theory (DFT) can be applied to gain insight into
the molecular processes that rule the physics of materials processing. Specifically, we study the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)
of arsenic compound semiconductors. For homoepitaxy of GaAs on GaAs (001), a growth model is presented that builds on results
of DFT calculations for molecular processes on the β2-reconstructed GaAs (001) surface, including adsorption, desorption,
surface diffusion, and nucleation. Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations on the basis of the calculated energetics enable us to
model MBE growth of GaAs from beams of Ga and As2 in atomistic detail. The simulations show that island nucleation is controlled by the reaction of As2 molecules with Ga adatoms on the surface. The analysis reveals that the scaling laws of standard nucleation theory for the
island density as a function of growth temperature are not applicable to GaAs epitaxy. We also discuss heteroepitaxy of InAs
on GaAs (001), and report first-principles DFT calculations for In diffusion on the strained GaAs substrate. In particular,
we address the effect of heteroepitaxial strain on the growth kinetics of coherently strained InAs islands. The strain field
around an island is found to cause a slowing down of material transport from the substrate towards the island, and thus helps
to achieve more homogeneous island sizes.
Received: 2 May 2001 / Accepted: 23 July 2001 / Published online: 3 April 2002 相似文献
114.
115.
Mark Doyle Susan A. Mulligan Tetsuya Matsuda Gerald M. Pohost 《Magnetic resonance imaging》1992,10(6):887-892
A new “bright blood” strategy, outflow refreshment imaging, is introduced in which a number of overlapping slices are excited in rapid succession. Flowing spins that refresh each overlapped slice portion contribute a bright signal. Additionally, static tissue in each non-overlapped slice portion also yields a bright signal. However, the flow/static contrast is comparable to that produced in inflow refreshment images, and angiograms can be generated by conventional maximum intensity projection processing. The dual ability to visualize angiograms and static tissue images is a major benefit of the strategy. Computer simulations of flow sensitivities and in vivo results are presented which compare the outflow and inflow refreshment imaging strategies. 相似文献
116.
The problem of nonparametric stationary distribution function estimation by the observations of an ergodic diffusion process is considered. The local asymptotic minimax lower bound on the risk of all the estimators is found and it is proved that the empirical distribution function is asymptotically efficient in the sense of this bound. 相似文献
117.
Let P(G,λ) be the chromatic polynomial of a graph G with n vertices, independence number α and clique number ω. We show that for every λ≥n, ()α≤≤ ()
n
−ω. We characterize the graphs that yield the lower bound or the upper bound.?These results give new bounds on the mean colour
number μ(G) of G: n− (n−ω)()
n
−ω≤μ(G)≤n−α() α.
Received: December 12, 2000 / Accepted: October 18, 2001?Published online February 14, 2002 相似文献
118.
Summary In the present paper we study truncated projections for the fanbeam geometry in computerized tomography. First we derive consistency conditions for the divergent beam transform. Then we study a singular value decomposition for the case where only the interior rays in the fan are provided, as for example in region-of-interest tomography. We show that the high angular frequency components of the searched-for densities are well determined and we present reconstructions from real data where the missing information is approximated based on the singular value decomposition.The work of the authors was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under grant Lo 310/2-4 相似文献
119.
Summary We consider a class of infinite delay equations of neutral type which includes Volterrra type integral und integrodifferential equations. Using abstract approximation results (cf. Trotter-Kato-type) for strongly continuous semigroups we develop an approximation scheme which is based on approximation of the system state by Laguerre (and Legendre) polynomials. Numerical examples demonstrate the feasibility of the scheme and show infinite order convergence for smooth data.Supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Contracts AFORS-84-0398 and AFORS-85-0303 and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under NASA Grant NAG-1-517 and by NSF under Grant UINT-8521208Supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Contract AFORS-84-0398 and in part by the Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung, Austria, under project No. S3206 相似文献
120.
分别采用514 nm绿光、488 nm蓝光和390 nm紫外光作为敏化光,633 nm红光作为记录光,详细研究了敏化光波长对氧化(Fe,Ni):LiNbO3晶体全息记录性能的影响.结果表明:随着敏化光波长的逐渐减小,氧化(Fe,Ni):LiNbO3晶体的非挥发全息记录性能逐渐优化,390 nm紫外光是这三种敏化光中最优的敏化光.考虑敏化光的吸收,为了在双中心全息记录中获得最优的性能,应当选择合适波长的敏化光:一方面短波长敏化光能有效地敏化深中心;另一方面短波长敏化光的吸收太强(如对光折变效应无用的基质吸收),不能沿厚度方向有效地敏化晶体,所以实际上需折衷考虑,并从理论上给予了解释. 相似文献